Jaws
There are two jaws the
upper and the lower. The upper is called the maxilla. The lower is called the
mandible.
- In each jaw, there are sockets for the teeth. These sockets are known as alveoli. The bony parts of the jaws holding the teeth are known as alveolar ridges.
- The upper jaw is fixed to the base of the cranium. The lower jaw is movable. There is a special articulation (T-MJ--temporo-mandibular joint) with muscles to bring the upper and lower teeth together to perform their functions.
Palate
The palate serves as the roof of
the mouth and the floor of the nasal
chamber
above. Since the anterior two-thirds is bony, it is called the hard palate. The
posterior
one-third is musculo-membranous and is called the soft
palate. The soft palate serves as a trap door to close off
the upper respiratory passageway during
swallowing.
Lips and Cheeks
The oral cavity is
closed by a fleshy structure around the
opening.
Forming the opening are the lips. On the sides are the cheeks.
Tongue
The tongue is a muscular organ.
The tongue is capable of internal
movement
to shape its body. It is moved as a whole by muscles outside the tongue.
Interaction
between the tongue and cheeks keeps the food between the molar teeth
during
the chewing process. When the food is properly processed, the tongue also
initiates the swallowing process.
Salivary Glands
Digestion is a chemical process
which takes place at the wet
surfaces of food materials. The chewing process has greatly increased the
surface area available. The surfaces are wetted
by saliva produced by glands in the oral cavity.
Of
these glands, three pairs are known as the salivary glands proper.
Taste Buds
Associated with the tongue and
the back of the mouth are special
clumps of cells known as taste buds. These taste buds literally taste the food.
That
is, they check its quality and acceptability.
Sumber : Bpk. Dr. Iskandar Zulkarnain
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